What is the indication for active stone kidney removal ?
2- stone in high-risk group patients.
3- if the stone causing obstruction.
4- in cases of secondary infection.
5- symptomatic stones like causing pain or haematuria.
6- stones more than 1.5 cm.
7- stones less than 1.5 cm if observation is not the option of choice for the patient as for example some types of jobs like pilots cant tolerate attacks of renal colic
8- social situation of the patient regarding profession or traveling.
Consider That stone composition might affect the choice of treatment modality
according to each case.
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